When it comes to calculating how much you need to retire comfortably in South Africa, financial advisors generally follow a few key guidelines and calculations to help you plan effectively.
Here’s a breakdown of what they typically advise:
- The 25x Rule (Retirement Capital Multiple)
A common rule of thumb is the 25x rule. This suggests that you need to save 25 times your annual expenses for retirement.
For example: If you expect to need R300,000 per year to live comfortably in retirement, you would need R7.5 million in retirement savings (300,000 x 25).
This formula is based on the idea that you should be able to withdraw around 4% of your savings annually without running out of money over a 30-year retirement.
- Replacement Ratio (Income Replacement)
Another approach is the replacement ratio, which is based on replacing a percentage of your pre-retirement income. Financial advisors often recommend aiming to replace around 70% to 80% of your final salary when you retire.
For example: If you earn R500,000 per year before retirement, you would aim to replace R350,000 to R400,000 annually in retirement.
If you’re aiming for R350,000 per year in retirement, using the 25x rule, you would need R8.75 million saved up (350,000 x 25).
- The “R25,000 Rule” for Monthly Expenses
Some advisors break it down even further into monthly expenses. A guideline sometimes given is that for every R25,000 you need to live monthly in retirement, you’ll need about R7.5 million saved up.
For example: If you plan to spend R30,000 a month in retirement, you’d need around R9 million saved (30,000 x 12 x 25).
- Retirement Withdrawal Rate
A common recommendation is that you should plan for a 4% withdrawal rate. This means that in retirement, you can safely withdraw 4% of your total retirement savings each year.
For example: If you want to withdraw R300,000 per year, you would need to save R7.5 million (300,000 ÷ 0.04).
- Inflation Adjustments
Advisors emphasise the importance of factoring in inflation, as it will erode the purchasing power of your money over time. For example, inflation could be around 6% annually in South Africa, which means your retirement savings will need to grow by at least that much each year to maintain your standard of living.
To account for inflation, advisors recommend adjusting your savings target upwards regularly, typically around 6-7% per year.
- How Much to Save Each Month
Advisors also recommend calculating how much you need to save monthly to reach your retirement goal. This can be done by considering:
- Your current age and the age at which you plan to retire.
- Your desired monthly income in retirement.
- Your expected investment return (typically, long-term returns from a balanced portfolio are assumed to be around 7-8%).
Example calculation for monthly savings: If you want to have R5 million saved up by retirement and you have 20 years until retirement:
Use an online retirement calculator or a financial advisor to figure out how much you need to save each month.
If you assume an 8% return on investment, you’d need to save roughly R15,000 per month to reach your goal.
- The Two-Pot System (New South African Regulation)
With the introduction of South Africa’s two-pot retirement system (effective 2024), savings are split into two pots:
-A savings pot for emergencies, accessible before retirement.
-A retirement pot, which is preserved until retirement.
The savings pot allows you more flexibility, while the retirement pot ensures your funds are preserved for your future. You need to calculate how much should go into each pot based on your future needs and emergency scenarios.
Well-known financial institutions like Sanlam, Discovery, and Momentum also provide retirement planning advice, and they may offer slightly different approaches or additional tools for calculating retirement savings.
Here’s an overview of how these companies approach retirement planning and what calculations they typically recommend:
- Sanlam
With the introduction of South Africa’s two-pot retirement system (effective 2024), savings are split into two pots:
Retirement Planning Tools: Sanlam offers retirement calculators to help individuals estimate how much they need to save based on their desired retirement income. They also emphasize understanding how much your current income will be worth in the future, factoring in inflation.
Target Savings: They recommend using a replacement ratio, aiming for about 75%-80% of your pre-retirement income. So, if you earn R500,000 annually, they suggest targeting about R375,000 per year in retirement.
Sufficient Retirement Capital: They also follow the 25x rule and recommend that you need to save 25 times your annual retirement income. If you need R375,000 per year, you’d need approximately R9.375 million in retirement savings.
Lifestage Approach: Sanlam uses a life-stage approach, recommending that you begin saving as early as possible, but adjust your strategy based on your age. Younger individuals are advised to take more risk in their portfolios, while those closer to retirement should gradually move to safer investments.
- Discovery
Discovery’s approach to retirement planning is cantered around maximizing the value of your savings through tax efficiency and wellness incentives.
Financial Wellness Programmes: Discovery offers tools through its Discovery Life and Discovery Invest platforms that help track your savings progress. They also link their retirement offerings to their Vitality programme, which offers rewards and benefits for healthy living, and this can help reduce your retirement savings burden by promoting wellness-related benefits.
Saving for Retirement: Discovery suggests that retirement planning is about striking a balance between saving enough for the future and ensuring your lifestyle in the present. They generally recommend a replacement ratio of about 70%-80% of your current income in retirement.
Target Savings Calculation: Discovery follows the same general guidelines as others, advising that you need to save 25 times your annual expected retirement income. They also stress the importance of diversifying your portfolio to manage risk, especially in the years leading up to retirement.
- Momentum
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Momentum focuses on empowering individuals to make informed decisions regarding retirement through tailored plans and guidance.
Momentum’s Wealth and Retirement Calculators: Momentum provides a detailed retirement calculator that factors in various elements like desired retirement income, current savings, inflation, and expected returns on investments. This helps individuals assess how much they need to save each month to reach their retirement goals.
Retirement Target: Like the others, Momentum recommends using the replacement ratio model to ensure that you replace about 70%-80% of your pre-retirement income.
How Much to Save: Momentum uses a more holistic approach, often recommending that individuals save 10%-15% of their monthly salary for retirement, starting as early as possible. They suggest that higher amounts are necessary to counteract inflation and to accommodate unforeseen health expenses in retirement.
Inflation Adjustments and Growth Projections: Momentum highlights the importance of factoring in inflation and the growth of your investments.
They often stress real returns (returns after inflation) and recommend that your retirement savings should grow at least in line with inflation to ensure your purchasing power remains intact during retirement.
10X says you can also get a rough idea of how much money you’ll need to have saved at retirement by assuming that you will need R1 million invested in an annuity for every R5,000 per month you want to draw as income once you’re retired.
If you want to draw a monthly pension of R25,000 a month, you will need to have put away R5 million by the time you retire.
General Principles Across These Institutions
Replacement Ratio (70%-80%): Most advisors from Sanlam, Discovery, and Momentum recommend aiming for 70%-80% of your pre-retirement income to maintain a comfortable lifestyle.
25x Rule: Many of these institutions, like Sanlam and Momentum, follow the 25x rule, where you need to save 25 times your annual expenses for retirement.
Adjusting for Inflation: They all emphasize the need to factor in inflation, as it will erode the value of your savings over time. For example, saving R5 million today might not be enough in 20 years if inflation is not accounted for.
Monthly Savings: To help meet retirement goals, they recommend setting aside 10%-15% of your salary for retirement. This varies depending on your age and current retirement savings.
Life Stage Investment Strategy: Each institution stresses the importance of adjusting your investment strategy as you get closer to retirement. Younger people may invest in riskier assets, while those approaching retirement should gradually shift to lower-risk investments.
Each of these companies uses similar principles to help individuals plan for a comfortable retirement.
The core advice remains consistent: save early, diversify your investments, and calculate your retirement target using a combination of replacement ratios, the 25x rule, and inflation adjustments.
These calculations, while providing a useful framework, should be adapted to your unique financial situation, goals, and timeline.